Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, France and Latin America, for example, John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jaques Rousseau, Simon Bolivar, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison
10 comments:
Major Ideas of Philosophers:
John Locke- Believed that all people were equal and have natural rights. (life, liberty, and property)
Baron de Montesquieu- Believed in the separation of powers within a government.
Jean Jacques Rousseau- Believed in individual freedom and equality. Believed in a direct democracy.
Thomas Jefferson- Believed in freedom of speech and religion. Believed in unalienable rights. (life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness)
James Madison- Believed in a strong national government.
All of these brilliant thinkers greatly impacted the world today. For example, the ideas of Locke and Jefferson later became the fundamental ideas in the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Also, Montesquieu’s thoughts allowed nations around the world to have a government in which power is balanced between three branches.
Locke criticized absolute monarchy and favored the ideas of self-government. Locke believed that all people are born free and equal with three natural rights: life, liberty, and property. Locke said if the government fails to protect these rights, the citizens have a right to overthrow it.
Montesquieu believed that Britain was the best governed country. He believed in the separation of powers.
Rosseau was passionately committed to individual freedom. Also, he believed that civilization corrupted people's natural goodness. He believed in a direct democracy: a government that was freely formed by the people and guided by the "general will" of society.
Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence based on Locke's ideas. He, too, believed in natural rights.
Madison believed in the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and many other philosophers.
The ideas of Jhon Locke include natural rights: life, liberty, and property. Jhon Locke was fundamental to the U.S Declaration of Independence.
The ideas of Jean-Jaques Rousseay includes the seperation of powers. Jean-Jaques Rousseay impacked France, the U.S, Latin America, and the nations use of seperation of power in the New Constitution.
John Locke was a 17th-century English philosopher whose ideas formed the foundation of liberal democracy and greatly influenced both the American and French revolutions.His contributions to philosophy include the theory of knowledge. John locked helped the Enlightenment, an intellectual movement that spread from Europe to America in the 1700s, helped inspire democratic revolutions in Europe, the United States, and Latin America.Many leading colonists for example Thomas Jefferson, followed the doctrines of deism, a religious outgrowth of the EnlightenmentInfluence: Montesquieu’s ideas influenced James Madison, sometimes called the father of the U.S. Constitution because of his many contributions at the 1787 Constitutional Convention. The constitution separates government powers into three branchesInfluence: The ideas of Locke and Rousseau influenced Latin-American revolutionary leader Simón Bolívar. Bolívar fought to liberate his country, present-day Venezuela, from Spanish rule. He also led movements for independence and democracy in what are now the nations of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru.
John Locke believed that a government's power did not in fact come from God but from the people. This supported and paved a path to the cornerstones of modern democratic thoughts.
James Madison, known as the father of Constitution, designed the three branches of government still used today.The descions rested with the people, it was not want the government wanted all the time.
Locke believed that a government’s power came from the consent of the people.
Montesquieu thought that the powers in government should be separated.
Rousseau's concept of direct democracy is used today.
Bolivar believed in free speech and religious toleration.
Beccaria idea was that the accused have rights, and no torture to be used for punishments.
Mary Wollstonecraft believed that “Women deserve the same rights as men.” (McDougal Little 175)
Thomas Jefferson ideas of religious freedom, free speech, and civil liberties are in the United States Constitution.
James Madison also believed in the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and
Voltaire.
United States Revolution: The ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Beccaria were all included in the Declaration of Independence and The Constitution. Locke’s ideas helped limit the government’s power, create a representative government, and establish legitimacy. Montesquieu’s ideas helped to create a federal system, divide the power among three branches, and a system of checks and balances. Rousseau’s idea helped to create public election of president and Congress. Voltaire’s ideas helped the Bill of Rights to provide for freedom of speech and religion. Beccaria’s ideas were included in the Bill of Rights by protecting the rights of the accused and prohibiting cruel punishment. Wollstonecraft believed that women should have rights just like men, and the founding fathers did so in the Bill of Rights, which ensured that that all American’s would have rights.
French Revolution: The French saw how the American’s made their constitution and declaration. They hoped they could do the same things. A Frenchman named Marquis de Lafayette, who fought for American independence, wanted to help France create a new, improved government system like America’s.
Latin America: Before Latin America had separated from England, they followed similar ideas to those they followed later. They used Locke’s idea of the people voting for government candidates. This meant that the people could vote for someone they wanted, and try to put them into the government. Bolivar believed in free speech religious toleration, and they allowed free speech to all people. Beccaria believed that there should be no torture for punishments, and they changed their laws so that there would be no harsh punishments.
John Locke had the idea that "all men are created equal...with certain unalienable rights..." (Declaration of Independence) This idea was not thought of much, because in that time it was natural for one race of people to be ranked higher than others.
Just as John Locke believed in the idea of natural rights, Thomas Jefferson agreed with these thoughts. This inspired him to write the sentence stated above.
The ideas of the philosophes:
Locke- All people are born free and equal with three natural rights- life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Montesquieu- Believed in separation of powers and checks and balances in the government.
Rousseau- passionately committed to individual freedom.
Madison- belived in a strong national government using the ideas of Locke, Rosseau and Montesquieu. He beleived in a federal system using checks and balances.
Jefferson- helped write the Declaration of Independence with the ideas of John Locke- people's rights to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
by Jordan Zuniga
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both proposed the idea that the people gave power to the government. However, Hobbes’ approach was that humans were selfish and wicked and should give a monarch power to control them. On the other hand, Locke believed that humans would always strive to improve themselves and should govern themselves. He further proposed three rights that all men were born with: life, liberty, and property. If the government failed to protect these rights, the people had the right to overthrow it. Rousseau also advocated these ideas. The writings of these three men inspired the American colonists to overthrow a king who violated their rights. The rights of life, liberty, and happiness uphold the Declaration of Independence.
Voltaire, whose real name was Francois Marie Arouet, felt that in addition to basic human rights, freedoms of speech and religion were needed. Although French, Voltaire found inspiration for his ideas in the English government. He believed that intolerance, prejudice, and superstition were evil, and he fought for personal freedoms and religious tolerance. He published his thoughts in essays and books. Today, Voltaire’s inspiration can be found in the American Bill of Rights, which guarantees the freedoms of speech and religion. However, in order for citizens to secure these rights, the government must not be able to gain too much strength.
“Power should be a check to Power.” These are the famous words of Montesquieu, who proposed the idea of a separation of powers. Alongside Voltaire, Montesquieu borrowed ideas from the English government. He believed that separating the government into three branches; legislative, to make laws; executive, to carry out laws; and judicial, to make judgments when the law was broken, would prevent the government from building up too much power. His book, On the Spirit of Laws, was read by the founding fathers and became the basis for our Constitution.
Major IDEAS of Philosophers
John Locke believed all men should be equal.
Montesquieu believed that the goverments powers were to be seperate
Rousseau believedn equality with everyone
And madison belived in a rock solid goverment
Post a Comment